Calculating machine



Dec. 23, 1952 H. T. AVERY CALCULATING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Feb. 19, 1949 INVENTOR 'Haro/d Z' Ave/"y FLEJE- H. T. AVERY CALCULATING MACHINE 4 sheets-sheet 2 Filed Feb. 19, 1949 mwN NwN

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Patented Dec. 23, 1952 CALCULATING MACHINE Harold T. Avery, Oakland, Calif.,- assignor to Marchant Calculating Machine- Companyr a corporation of California Application February 19, 1949, Serial No. 'f7-1350 The present invention relates to crawl carry registers and more particularly concerns means for aligning the numeral wheels thereof.

The numeral wheels o1" a crawl carry register are each driven through a respective differential transmission, 'by means of which the digital and tens carryl increments. oi drive are simultaneously transmitted to the numeral wheel.

Since partial carry increments are transmitted to each numeral wheel in proportion to the value displayed in. the respective next lower order of the register, the numeral wheels are displaced from positions of full digital' display during the operation of the register.

Aligning mechanisms, well known in the art, ar'egenerally brought' into play at the conclusion of an operation to back out the partial carry increments and thus align the numeral wheels in positions of full digital display.

In all prior aligning mechanisms, however, it has been necessary either tol displace the diierential transmission of an order each time the numeral wheels are changed from crawl carry to aligned condition and vice versa or in those cases where the diiTerential transmission is not displaced by the change between aligned and crawl carry condition, it has heretofore 'been necessary to useauxiliary mechanisms with the aligning mechanism to obtain the proper aligning movement.

In either case the aligning operation generally Y is accomplished by spring power which is stored during part of theV motor driven operation of the machine, and the greater the number of gears or auxiliary mechanisms that must be moved the greater will be the spring power necessary to A eiiect such alignment, all of which tend to increase the operating load of the machine. l Furthermore, the greater thek number of gears that must be moved, the greater will be the backlash between the respective gears which may cause m'isalignment of the numeral wheel.

One form of aligning mechanism which examplies the prior art is disclosed in the Patentv No. 2,222,164, issued November 14, 1940. The crawl carryv register disclosed in this patent includes a planetary differential gear assembly which, like all such diierentials has three legs or gear trains. One such leg or train is used to receive the drive from the digital actuators, while the second leg receives the tens. carry drive from .the next lower order numeral wheel.. These two driving movements are combined in a resultant or summation gear comprising the: third leg of the differential, and the sum of the' two drives is transmitted from this` thirdV leg to? the related numeral wheel,

7 Claims.. (Cl. 2235-136)y The above.y mentioned patent provides aA rocking idler gear which. is situated in" each respective tens carry leg or gear train between adjacent orders'. The arrangement is such that when the idlerv gear isv rocked at the end of a. calculation, it adjusts the tens lcarry train and backs upr the numeral wheel. In o-rder to determine the amount by which the above-mentioned idler gears should be rocked. to back up the numeral wheels topositions. of full digita-l. display, each numeral wheel has attachedzthereto a graduated member in the form. of a snail cam. At the end of a calculation, a member which carries therocking idler gearr isA rocked to-sense the rotated position of the. snail cam of the. next lower order numeral wheel and duringsuch. sensing, the member rocks the idlerA gear by they proportionatev amount. necessary to back: up.- itsv respective numeral Wheel to'. fulldigital display position.

A second aligning? mechanism shown in the United@ States Patent No. 2,089,682; issued August 130, 1937, is similark in principleof' operation to thatof.` the. 'rst mentioned patent except that the idler gear which is rocked to eiiect the aligning movement. is located in the digitation entry train instead of the tens carry train.

The present invention provides an improved aligning mechanism. comprising. a rocking idler gear in the output trainbetween the differential transmission and. its respective numeral wheel and which. idler may be rocked to cause numeral wheel alignment-without changing the differentialtransmissi'ons:from.crawlcarry to aligned condition.

This arrangement provides for aligning thenumeral wheels4 by' moving a minimum number of gears. and permits the` use of a relatively light spring to operate the aligning mechanism. Also, with .thisr mechanism, backlash is reduced to a minimum. by reducingv the.V number of gears that mustbe' moi/fed` to effect the aligning operation. Furthermore, the spacing between the numeral wheels. hasbeen reduced to a minimum in= the present. arrangementk by mounting the numeral wheels andi the. differential transmissions on different respective shafts. instead of side by' side on` the; same shaft.

The. numeral.. wheel snail cams, mentioned above, may also. be usedv for purposes. other than numeral wheel alignment. During the division operations disclosed in Patent No. 2,211,736, issued August 131, 1940 the numeral wheel. snail cams arev sensed to determine the value of the dividend. This dividend value is compared with the value. or the divisor for controlling .the4 num- Ws 3 ber of cycles of operation of the digital actuators.

When the machine disclosed in the last mentioned patent is in normal condition of rest or is in normal condition between actuator operations during division, the numeral wheels and the associated differential transmissions are brought to aligned condition. The dividend sensing operations preparatory to the start of each ordinal division operation, and also for sensing for an overdraft, must all be delayed While the register is changed from aligned to carry condition.

Mechanism shown in the modified embodiment of the invention, disclosed herein, eliminates the necessity of the above delays. For this purpose, a snail cam for dividend sensing is provided in each order in addition to the snail cam for aligning its respective numeral wheel. This second snail cam is integral with the summation gear of each differential transmission. Each summation gear constantly stands in a position correspond-ing to the sum of the digital and tens carry increments registered regardless of numeral wheel alignment; therefore, the snail cam integral with the highest significant order summation gear may be sensed for determination of the approximate value of the entire dividend Without waiting for the numeral wheels to be changed from aligned to crawl carry position.

One manner of obtaining numeral wheel alignment through adjustment of the output gear train is shown in the Patent No. 2,344,627, issued March 21, 1944, to H. P. Mixer. In this patent, the amount of adjustment in any order is determined by sensing a snail cam which is carried by the adjacent lower order summation gear; however, under certain conditions set forth in the last mentioned patent, the adjustment obtained -by the snail cams is incorrect and therefore auxiliary means must be provided to supersede theV control exerted by the snail cams to thereby obtain the correct amount of adjustment necessary for numeral wheel alignment. The present invention on the other hand, departs from the Mixer principle by providing mechanism that is capable of correctly adjusting the output gear train under any and all conditions and eliminates the need for the auxiliary aligning mechanism required by Mixer.

The present invention is therefore based upon the principle of separating the numeral wheel aligning mechanism of a crawl carry register from the tens carry train, the digital entry train and the summation gear of said two trains, so that each numeral wheel may be aligned in any one of its full digital display positions without effecting the position of said summation gear or said two trains.

It is a general object of the invention to improve the numeral wheel aligning means for crawl carry registers in accordance with the above principle.

It is a further object to align a numeral wheel by adjustment of the gear train between the numeral Wheel and the summation gear of the differential transmission.

It is a further object to align a numeral wheel f a crawl carry register without imparting any change to the crawl carry mechanism.

It is a further object to minimize the resistance to the alignment of the numeral wheels.

It is a further object to align a numeral wheel with a minimum movement of a minimum number of parts.

It is a further object to cause a numeral wheel snail cam or the like to stand at a position representative of the digital and partial tens carry values entered into its respective order of the register regardless of the alignment of its numeral wheel. k

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear from the following description of a preferred form of the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, in which:

Fig. 1 is a right side view of the register schematically illustrating, in part, the components of a single order thereof.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged right side detail view of the differential transmission shown schematically 'in Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged right side view of the mechanism shown schematically in Fig. l, showing a numeral wheel, the crawl carry mechanism, and the aligning mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of three orders of the mechanism shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged right side view of the mechanism for returning a numeral wheel to zero.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged right side view of a register comprising a modified embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a detailed right side view of part of the zeroizing mechanism for the register of the modified embodiment.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken on the line 9-9 of Fig. '7.

The present invention is shown applied to a register having what is known as epicyclic differential gearing but is applicable as well to the entocyclic type of differential or any other type in which one leg of the differential is driven in accordance with the sum of the Vdrive imparted to the other two legs thereof.

Accumulator register The register disclosed herein is composed of a plurality of orders, each including a numeral wheel Il! (Fig. l), a gear I3 integral with the numeral wheel, an idler gear I4, and a differential transmission generally indicated at 20. The numeral wheels Ii) and the differential transmissions 2|] are mounted for free rotational movement on transverse shafts I I and I1, respectively, carried by the ordinal frame members I9. Each idler gear III is freely mounted on a stud I5 fixed to a rocking carrier I6 (Fig.` 4) freely pivoted on shaft Il.

The frame members I9 (Fig. 1) are mounted on a shaft 262 which corresponds to the shaft of the same number in said Patent No. 2,222,164. The shaft 262 is supported at its ends, as shown in that patent, by a pair of carriage end plates 25|, a portion of the left end plate being shown in Fig. l. The shaft 262 is also supported by ordinal carriage frame extensions (not shown). The end plates 25I are secured to a shaft 259 which is slidably mounted in the main framework of the calculating machine as disclosed in the last mentioned patent.

A common dipping bail 269 (Figs. l and 4) is attached to the right-most ends of the ordinal frame members I9 in the manner described in said patent and is automatically dipped clockwise about shaft 262 prior to each calculating operation to cause engagement between the digitation input gears 2I and respective actuator gears |89 (Fig. 4) of the ordinal actuator drive At. the end 'ofen actuation the; dipping bail Maris returned to, its initial raised position against a. sten E2.Y in which position the gearsZ-I- are disengaged from the actuator gears Hi8 This dipping. movement o the register is utilized iu the present invention to adjust the output leg f the, dierentiat to thereby change the numeral wheels from aligned to crawl carry oondf and to use the raising of the register to similarly change the numeral wheels from crawl to aligned position', as is more fully eX- plained hereinafter.

Differential transmission The. difierential transmission, 2o (Figs. 2.. and .3.) includes. the previously mentioned digitation entrygear 2li a ring gear 2S attached tothe gear 2l, by means, of rivets 21.; a tens carry entry gear 1 2.. by means .of which the. crawl carry drive is transmitted fromthe next .lower order;y a heartshaned carri 2d having two vstuds 2s (upon which a, pair oil planet gears 23 are freely mounted foijrueshing with both the ring gear 2e andthe sun gear 22); and a summation gear i3 integral with both the planet carrier 24 and the sun gear 22 for `the nextl higher order., and which summation gear is driven in accordance with the sum of the digital and tens carry increments introduced intov its associated order.

The. differential v (Fig. 3) of each order is Y mounted on the outside diameter of the left-"host end of the bearing. The left-most end of the bearing is. at the top as viewed in 3. Next, the reduced diameter of a tubular spline Shaft 23', is passed through the left side ofA bearing 25'. The unreduced portion of the spline shaft forms the sun gear 22. Gear I3. and the planet carrier 2li are then mounted on and have spline connection with the right end of; the reduced shaft 23 to form anv integral unit composed of gear I8, carrier 24 .and the sun gear 2,2. The latter meshes with planet gears 28 ofthe next higher order when thatVv unit is assembled. is the differential gears are assembled order by order, shaft I'l is passed through the spline shafts 23.

Suitable washers are provided between the sun gear 2-2 vand the next higher order spline shaft 23` to prevent end thrust. Washers are also provided on either side of gear ZI to. prevent bind between that gear, the frame member is., and sun gear 22.

Clockwise movement of digitation input gear 2 I (Fig. 2l causes thering gear 2 6 integral therewith to revolve the; planet gears 28 clockwise about the sun gear (assuming the sun gear to, be held stationary, which is alwaysthe case, in the lowest order wherein the sun gear is secured to member I9). Such movement of they planet gears causes` theA planet gear carrier 2liy to be. rotated a proportionate amount, and in the sam@ direction as the digitation entry gear 2|. The summationl gear [8. whichv is integral with the carrier 2li, drives the numeral wheel. gear i3. (Fig. l) throughY idler L4; therefore, any clockwise movement impartedY to the carrier. 2li by clockwise movement of gear `2.I causes an. equal amount of clockwise movement of both the. summation gear I8 and the numeral wheel. Similarly, any counter-clockwise movement imparted to digital gear 2 I' causes a corresponding counter-clockwise movementof. the numeralY Wheel. and gear IBL With. the ring: gear 2E held stationary, which occurs. when no movement is imparted. from the digital vactuator to gear 2l, clockwise rotation of the next lower order gear I8 causes the sun gear 22 integral therewith to advance, the planet gears Zd and' rotate the planet gear carrier 24 clockwise. When the gear 2i is driven by the aotuatolgvthe ring gear 25 is driven clockwise to introduce digitation, and it will also rota-te they planet oarrier clockwise by the amount of such digitation in addition to the amount .said carrier was rotated by the above tens carry train from the lower order summation gear Iii. The movement of the planetary carrier 2li, and its integral summation gear I8 and also the associated numeral wheel te; is therefore the resultant of the digital entry intov the respective order plus the tens. carry movement transmited theretoirom the next. lower order.

The various gears of the differentials are so proportioned that each digital increment of advance of a summation gear I8 and its related numeral wheel Io will cause the next higher. order summation gear to be advanced by T16, that amount. The gear combination which` Will give such results may be determined' by well known formulae and therefore the gear ratios given below are for purposes 0f illustration only.

The digitation input gear 2| is provided with i8 teeth, the ring gear 26 with 90 teeth, the planet gears 28 with 40 teeth, the sun gear 22 with 10 teeth, the summation gear I3 with 20 teeth and the numeral wheel gear I3 lwith 2 0 teeth. Each full rotation ofthe digition entry gear 2l and its integral ring gear 2B rotates the planet carrier 2li, the summation gear I and the numeral wheel gear I3 only nine-tenths of a revolution,l providing thev sun gear driven by thev next lower order remains stationary. Therefore, a complete rotation of the numeral wheel requires 11i/9 revolutions of the ring. gear 2e whichis the equivalent of a 20 tooth advance of the 18 tooth digitation entry gear 2l integral therewith. A two tooth advance of gear 2 I, therefore causes a single digit of' advance of the numeral wheel.

If,ron the otherk hand, the digitation entry gear 2l in an order remains stationary and the lower order numeral wheel makes a full revolution, the sun gear 22 is then rotated a full revolution of 10 teeth. The planet gear meshed with the sun gear walks around the tooth ring gear a distance of 9 teeth or one-tenth of a revolution. 'This rotates the planet carrier and the summation gear I8 integraltherewith an equal amount; and advances the associated numeral wheelV by' onetenth of a revolution. Each numeral. wheel therefore advances the amount received by its respective digitation entry train plus one-tenth or the amount which the next lower order numeral wheel is advanced.

If the valve 375, for example, is entered into the register by the digital actuators of the. machine disclosed in the above. mentioned Patent No. 21,222,164, then, before: alignment; of the numeral wheels, the lowest order of three numeral wheels receiving this value stands at 5, the second stands at '7.5 or half way: between '7 and 8, while thel third stands at 3.75 or three quarters of the way between 3` and Il, In order to bring the numeral wheels to their full digital display positions, the partial increments transmitted tos them by thek tens carry trainsA must be backed out and; this is accomplishedv by the numeral wheel align ing mechanism.v

Numeral wheel aligning mechanism The upward movement or "rise of the carriage out of mesh with the actuator gears |89 (Fig. 4) described hereinbefore is utilized to cause operation of the aligning mechanism. The first part of the carriage rise moves all of a plurality of arms 3| away from a stationary cross shaft 32 and thus permits springs 33 to rock pawls 30 to the position shown and lock the digital entry gears 2| in the full digital positions to which they `were driven by the actuators. The gears 2| are so locked to prevent their movement out of position during operation of the aligning mechamsm.

Idler gear I4 (Fig. 4) is freely mounted on a stud I5 fixed to a rocking carrier I6 which is part of the aligning mechanism. The carrier is bent to form a web beneath the gear I4 and is then bent upwardly to form the extension I6a on the other side of the gear. Extension IIa carries a stud 36 upon which a lever 35 is freely mounted. A roller a on the left end of lever 35 is limited in its upward movement by contact with a cam 34 (Figs. 4 and 5) of the next lower order numeral wheel. 35 is limited in its upward movement by contact with a pin 31 mounted on the next lower order carrier I6.

Each snail cam 34 is yieldably attached to its respective numeral wheel and the rotated position of the snail cam is indicative of the value standing in its numeral wheel. The contour of snail cam 34 (Fig. 4) is proportioned in such a manner that the point of greatest radius represents the digit 0, and, as the numeral wheel is advanced clockwise to display successive digits up to F9, the radius of the cam becomes successively smaller until the smallest radius on the cam represents the digit 9."

A spring 39, tensioned between the right arm of the carrier I6 and a suitable frame stud (not shown), urges carrier I6 clockwise until further movement thereof is blocked by contact of the roller 35a with snail cam 34 and by contact of the right end of lever 35 with stud 31.

When the register is in its normal raised position as shown in Fig. 4 the numeral wheels are aligned, but when the register is dipped to engage the digitation input gears 2| with their aligned actuator gears |89, the numeral wheels are moved to crawl carry position.

A stationary cross shaft 42 contacts the camming surface 4I of bail extension 40 during dipping of the register and rocks the carrier I6 counterclockwise. The time at which the cross shaft 42 contacts the camming surface 4I during the dipping movement depends on the position at which carrier I6 stands when the dipping operation occurs. If the carrier I6 stands at the zero position as shown in Fig. 4, then the cross shaft 42 contacts the camming surface 4| during the latter portion of the dipping movement and moves the carrier and the lever 35 only by an amount sufficient to permit clearance between roller 35a and the snail cam 34. On the other hand, if a snail cam 34 and/or the pin 31 stand at values of other than zero before the dipping movement, then the carrier stands in a more clockwise position than shown in Fig. 4 and the camming surface 4| will contact the cross shaft 42 earlier in the dipping movement of the carriage and move the carrier an amount in proportion to. the values sensed at the snail cam 34 and pin 31. Such movement of the carrier I6 The right end of the lever rocks the gear I4 counter-clockwise about shaft I1. At this time gear I8 is locked through the planetary gear train by the locking of gear 2| and therefore the revolving of gear I4 about shaft I1 rotates the numeral wheel gear I3 clockwise by the amount necessary to move the numeral wheel to the crawl carry position mentioned hereinbefore. T'he latter part of the dipping movement also moves the roller 35a slightly beyond the maximum radius of cam 34 to permit free rotation of the latter during actuation.

During the dipping movement of the carriage, the camming surface 4| of extension 4l) moves downwardly, past shaft 42 and surface 4|a wipes along shaft 42 without further rocking of extension 40 and carrier I6. During the idle movement of surface 4|a relative t0 shaft 42 the cross shaft 32 contacts the extension 3| and rocks pawl 30 out of engagement with gear 2|. The arrangement is such, therefore, that carrier I6 completes its rocking movement and the gear I4 moves the numeral wheel I0 to crawl carry position before pawl 3D is moved out of engagement with gear 2| thus insuring that the movement of the numeral wheels to crawl carry position will not rotate any gear of the differential 20. Conversely, during the rise of the register to aligned position, the pawl 30 is rocked to its locking position before the carrier I6 moves to aligning position, thus insuring that the gears of the differential 20 are not changed by the aligning movement of the numeral wheels.

Since the alignment of the numeral wheels does not change the condition of the differential, the summation gear I3 always remains in crawl carry position; therefore, a second cam such as cam 482 `shown and described hereinafter in connection with the modified embodiment or, the numeral wheel snail cam of the previously mentioned Patent 2,211,736, could be fixed to gear I8 and be used for dividend sensing in a machine such as shown in that patent.

Since no tens transfer increments are transmitted to the lowest order numeral wheel, no

aligning movement need be transmitted to the lowest order idler gear I4. Therefore, a fixed snail cam 34 and a fixed pin 31 are provided to the right of the lowest order numeral wheel for cooperation with the lever 35, thus holding the lowest order carrier I6 in its 0 position when the carriage is in either its dipped or in its raised positions. It should be noted that this fixed position of carrier I6 also fixes the position of the pin 31 carried thereby, and which pin cooperates with the second order lever 35.

A numerical example will clearly illustrate the action of lever 35 and carrier I6 and the control of cam 34 and pin 31 over the same to produce numeral wheel alignment. Assume, therefore. that the value 375 discussed generally hereinbefore, is entered into the units, tens and hundreds order numeral wheels so identified in Fig. 5. The entry of this value by the digital actuators rotates the units order numeral wheel to 5. The actuators together with the concurrent operation of the crawl mechanism rotate the tens order numeral wheel to 7.5 and the hundreds order wheel to 3.75. Aligning mechanisms are usually provided and are brought into play after the operation of the actuators to bring the numeral wheels to full digital display positions. Ihis alignment is brought about in the present invention by means which is distinctly different `from the prior art.

Considering primarily the alignment of the desasoshundreds order of the three numeral wheels, the prior art structure exemplified by the U. S. Patent No. 2,222,164 mentioned hereinbefore, backs out the .7 from the hundreds order through control exercised in the tens order snail cam Yover a rocking idler in the carry train between the tens and hundreds orders', while the aligning mechanism showninthe previously vmentic'ilned Patent No. 2,089,682, backs out the .7 from the hundreds order by asimilar control over a `rock= ing idler located in the digital entry train of the hundreds order. In both cases, howevelgthe .05 transmitted to the hundreds order by the tens carry gear train during actuation isy backed out of the hundreds order by the reverse movement of this same tens carry train during the alignment of the tens order numeral wheel from 7.5 to its full digital position 7. In thisma'nner the alienin'gmovement of a numeral wheel is obtained from two separate means z (1) from lsensing the snail cam of the next lower order, and (2) through the tens carry gear train between the respective orders.

The aligning mechanism shown in the previously mentioned Patent No. 2,344,627 also obtains the aligning movement from two separate means. Normally, a numeral wheel isaligned by sens-ing the snail cam carried by the nent lower order summation gear, but under certain conditions described in the specification of that patent, the sensing mechanism may 'falsely sense a registration of instead of 9.9, for example, and therefore auxiliary means are provided which, under such a condition, supersedes the snail cani sensing mechanism and causes a correct aligning operation. From the foregoing then, it is seen that regardlessI of whether the aligning .movement is obtained from adjustment of the tens carry leg, the digital entry leg, or the summation leg of the differential gearing between the orders, the aligning movement has in each case actually depended upon two separate means. i Y

In the present invention, on the other hand, the partial tens carry increments from the units and tens orders, for example, are compounded ina single device which alone and Without the use of auxiliary corrective means, exercises a unitary control over the alignment of the hundreds order numeral wheel without d-isturbing the condition of the tens ycarry train orthe summation gears of the differentials in any of the orders. This device includes the lever 35 (Fig. 4) and its carrier I6, the construction of which wasv described hereinbefore.

The snail cam 34 (Fig. 4) is so proportionedthat movement of roller 35a from the zero position shown to the position on the cam corre-i' sponding to a 7 in the tens order, for example', will back up the hundreds order numeral wheel .7 of adigital increment. The backing up by the amount of. the additional .05 of a digital incre-'f ment inorder to bring this numeral wheel from a registration of 3.75 to 3.00 is caused by the movement of pin 31 and by compounding this movement in lever 35 with the movement imr parted thereto by or under control of carni 34x TheI relationship between the units, tens and hundreds order may be seen inlig.V The units order snail cam identified as U--34in'th1is' figure controls the movement of the tens order lever T-35 which in turn controls the rocking move-'- ment of the carrier'T-"IG and the idler' T-Idcar-V ried thereby. Since thev units order numeral wheel stands at 5 in the present example', the

carrier 'r-ie and all the parts that, it carries. move an amount representative of .5` and back' upv the tens order numeralwheelfrom 7.5 to 7.

The pin T'31, mounted on the v'carrier 'JT-[B lies in the plane of the lever H=35 which controls the backing up of the hundreds order numeral wheel to aligpod position. Tile forward or y lt-rt e'l'ld 0f lever H-BE is Gent'I'Qll'ed by snail Cain T134 Wllioh is indicative of a 7 standingiil tlieytoiis order numeral wheel, while'-` the right end cil the same lever H 35 is controlled by the pin T231. The .L5 inweiterit of the earlier Tris mentioned aboveis reduced to als that amount andl trans= mittodto the hundreds order numeral wheel by the following mechanism so that .U5 is bake'dout of the' immoral wheel. I,

Pin 31, shown in Fig.v 4,".is located one-fifth 'of the distanee between shaft I] and Astud 3,6 'and therefore tho 4iiiovement or siii 31 is 1/=. tnatof stud as. P'iii "31 extendsaor'oss the plaide oi the lever 35 in the next higher order and the stud S6 Vis Vlocated midway between` pin 31 and roller 35d. With 'rllerf'a andoain 3'4 'serving asafllicrur for lever y35the above `inoveinentof pin 31 moves stud es one=ha1f that amount or' a, th amount 'f lrrlsVelltf YStud 36 in the -t lower order. In the oasev of the present enample. therefore,v 'the .5 movement of the tens order' carrier -l Br'causes Ya .0"5 movement in the hundreds order. This 'amouii-tis' compounded with the .7 movement `ooiitiojilai 'by snail oaifi Tasa, iiiii; tioiiod aloovo and the 'two movements page do the hundreds order numeral wheel from 3.7"5 to 3.00.-

K Inthe event some Value such as 99(10 standsin the rregisterb'f'efore the carriage ,is dipped, then during dipping ofA the carriage, the higher order 9y is moved `from 9 to substantially O by the dis= abling' ef the above' described aligning mecllal nism. at the beginning` of suo-li movement the rollers 35a in the orders displaying y9s, are each in contact wit-litho` low poiiltsoi their roseto: tive cams 34 (Fg. 4*), but` als' the' higher order numeral wheel isohanged from 9 to v'substajntily 0, the' steep rise of the higher rdercam 34 moves' against the roller before the roller is moved 'clear of the cam. Allowance is made for 'such conflict, as is fully shown and described in said Pf'altei'lt No.- 2,222,164-, by yieldably attaehing each snail cam 34 to its numeral wheel I1)v by means of a' spring 34aco'nnec'ted at one end to' Va stud ,346 carried by' said lcam 'and connected at its other end to' a lug IdirV formed on vthe side vof the 'nuev moral wheel and which lug passes through a sljot in the canti. lThe resistance of rol-ler' 35d to 'theY dipped IOStOn just bejfldthe periphery of4 the cam, the spring rotates the cam to' its 9.9 di" substantially 0 Dostioh.

t(lieardtnce The mechanism for returning the numeral wheels to zerois or lthegl'enera-l type shown the Schaller Patent N. 1,400,004 which includes a) well known heart-shap'edcam and a cammingf clearance lever adapted to engage either side of the heart and through its cam-ming action, to drive the .heartr` cam. and the vrelated numeral wheel in one direction or the other to zero.

The numeral wheels in connection with which heart cam clearance mechanisms have heretoforev been used, areV alwaysm one of a' plurality of digital positions and therefore'. the apex of the heartl has been located midew'ay between two digital positions, such as between the 4 and 5 or between the and 6 positions, so that the camming .lever will always engage the heart cam on one side or the other of its apex for starting its camming action.

Since a numeral wheel of the register of the present invention may be in any intermediate location between the full digital positions, the camming lever may, under one specific condition of the numeral wheel, engage the heart cam directly at its apex and be in a position to have no camming action thereon. The camming lever is therefore arranged so that it will yield under its power driving action and such yielding, in effect, extends the lever and moves the same off of the apex and into the camming surface of the cam.

The clearance mechanism of the present invention includes a plurality of bell cranks 5| (Fig. 6) each of which is keyed to a transverse shaft 320 and is located in operative relation to each respective heart cam and its numeral wheel. Shaft 320 is rocked clockwise during a clearance operation by a clearance drive mechanism such as that shown and described in the U. S. Patent No. 2,291,135. A camming lever 54 is pivotally mounted to an arm 52 of bell crank 5| by means of a stud 53. Lever 54 is provided with an ear 56 overlying an arm 5|a of bell crank 5I, which ear is spring urged against said arm by means of a tension spring 51 connected to ear 56 and an ear 58 of arm 51a. A roller 55, mounted on lever 54, is adapted upon rocking of shaft 320 to contact the periphery of the heart-shaped cam 24 and through its camming action to rotate said cam until the roller seats into the notch a which is the 0 position of the cam. If the roller contacts the cam surface c, the cam will be rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, while if the roller contacts the surface 11, the cam will be rotated clockwise to its 0 position. in the event the roller contacts the cam exactly at point 1), spring 51 will yield and stud 53 will move upwardly toward the straight line between the axis of shaft 320 and roller 55. This, in effect, extends lever 54 relative to point b so that roller 55 moves off of the apex at point b and onto the camming surface c, to thereby rotate the cam to 0 position. Cam 24 (Fig. 3) is integral with the summation gear I8 which is geared to the numeral wheel by means of gears I4 and 1 3 (Fig. 4). Return of the cam to zero position consequently returns the numeral wheel to zero.

It is desirable that roller 35a of lever 35 be removed from engagement with numeral wheel cam 34 during resetting of the numeral wheel to 0 and for this purpose a lever 59 (Fig. 4) having a roller 6I is keyed to the clearance shaft 320. During rocking of shaft 320, the roller contacts the lower surface of arm 50 on carrier I6 and rocks the carrier counter-clockwise to crawl carry position thus moving roller 35a out of the path of cam 34.

f One leg of the planetary differential must be free to rotate when the other two legs are driven or when one of the two legs is driven and the other is locked. In the case of clearance, the output leg is driven by the clear cam and the tens carry leg is driven by the clearance mech-anism of the next lower order numeral wheel; therefore, the digital input leg which includes gear 2| must be freed from restraint during the clearance operations. For this purpose lever 56 is provided with a surface 6D which lies adjacent an ear 36a of pawl 30, and as the lever 59 is rocked clockwise, this surface contacts the ear and causes the pawl to be rocked clear of gear 2|.

At the completion of the clearance operation, shaft 32D is returned counter-clockwise to normal position and the pawl 30 re-engages gear 2| to centralise the differential assembly and the numeral wheel. Carrier I6 is released from roller 6| and is free to rock clockwise under urge of spring 39 to aligned position at which time lever 35 almost immediately re-engages its respective pin 3l and cam 34 in their zero positions. The resetting lever 54 (Fig. 6) is also rocked out of the path of cam 24 to thus permit the numeral wheel to be driven during the next operation.

M odied embodiment A modified embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9. The register and the aligning mechanism shown in Fig. 7 are designed to be incorporated in a machine of the type shown in U. S. Patent No. 2,567,120, issued September 4, 1951. In the machine disclosed in the latter application, an ordinal actuator is provided for each order of the accumulator register and an actuator drive gear is permanently enmeshed with each digitation input gear 2|. In such a machine there is no need to dip" the register to cause engagement between the actuators and the digitation entry gears. Therefore, means other than the dipping means disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention is provided in the mechanism of the modified embodiment to move the numeral wheels to crawl carry and then back to aligned positions.

The pawl 36) (Fig. 7) is loosely keyed to a shaft 350 for limited movement relative thereto while arm 59 is tightly keyed to the same shaft. When shaft 35B is rocked clockwise, the roller 6| on arm 59 contacts surface 4| and then wipes along surface 4|a. This rocks carrier I6 and then holds it in rocked position in the same manner as the stationary cross shaft 42 (Fig. 4) contacts the surfaces 4| and 4|a of the extension 40 on carrier I6 to hold the latter in rocked position. The latter part of the rocking movement of shaft 350 causes the pawl 30' to be rocked clockwise out of engagement with gear 2| to permit the actuators to drive the same.

Pawl 30 and carrier I6 must be moved and held in their disengaged and crawl carry positions, respectively, during both actuating and clearing operations. A mechanism is disclosed in the above mentioned U. S. Patent No. 2,567,120 whereby a shaft which controls the rocking movement of a plurality of numeral wheel cene tralizer pawls may be selectively rocked and locked in pawl-disengaging position under the control of either a clear clutch or of a setting clutch, the latter operating previous to each actuating operation. The control shaft of said application is released from locked position when the clear clutch or the main actuator clutch becomes disengaged, depending on the operation being performed. A similar mechanism may be used to control the rocking of shaft 35E) shown in Fig. 7.

, In those machines where the main actuator clutch operates to drive the numeral wheels without a preliminary setting clutch operation,

position for the duration of operation of the clutch.

A snail cam 482 (Fig. 7), a sensing arm 483 and a shaft 402 correspond to the parts oi the same number,` in the last mentioned patent. The arm 483 is loosely keyed for limited rotation on the shaft 402. Each arm carries a roller 4830i for contacting the snail cam 482. The latter also serves as a planetary gear carrier and therefore constantly stands in the crawl carry position regardless of whether the respective numeral wheel is aligned in full digital display position or not. The amount of counter-clockwise rocking of arm 483 necessary to contact the snail cam 482 is an indication of the value standing in that order and all lower orders to the right thereof.

During each actuating operation the shaft t2 for the arms 483 is rocked clockwise to move the rollers 483a clear of the snail cams 482 and permit free rotation of the cams, all as is fully described in the last .mentioned patent.

A clearance mechanism for the modified embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 and, which mechanism corresponds in principle of operation to a clearance mechanism disclosed in Patent No. 1,928,125, issued September 26, 1933. Briefly, the numeral wheels are returned to zero by the rotation of a clearance drive shaft and are prevented from over-running zero positions by respective zero detent pawls.

Numeral wheels l' are mounted for free rotation upon a common sleeve IGI (Fig. 9.). 'I his sleeve is stationary during actuation of the numeral wheels but is driven by the clearance driving mechanism to return the wheels to zero. Sleeve lili is journalled upon a. stationary inner shaft |i|2 which is provided with a longitudinal groove |03. Extensions m4 (Fig. 9) of a hub |95 are passed through aligned openings provided in the numeral wheel lil and its associated gear I3. The extensions are riveted over to secure the hub, numeral wheel and gear as one integral unit in each'order. A tooth HJG (Fig. 7) is disposed within each hub and when the numeral wheel is in its position, the tooth is in radial alignment with a respective hole l'l in the sleeve |il| and the groovev |03 in the shaft m2. A ball It is disposed in each hole |91 and upon counterclockwise rotation of the sleeve lili around the shaft |02, the balls are forced out of the groove and project beyond the periphery of the sleeve. During such rotation of the sleeve, the projected balls engage the teeth |06 of the respective numeral wheels which are out of 0 position and carry those numeral wheels backV to 0 position. At such time the balls recede into the groove |83 and move out of engagement with the teeth |86.

Means are provided to prevent overdriving or overthrow of the numeral wheels so as to stop the wheels precisely at zero at the time the above driving action terminates. A cam i|3 (Fig. 8) is fixed to either end of sleeve lil i. Each cam ||3 has a follower arm with a roller I|2 which rides on the periphery of the cam. The arms are fixed to a transverse shaft Ilil and to which shaft is fixed a series of ordinally arranged zero stop pawls lili). Springs H5, xed to the respective right land left end pawls |9 hold the rollers I2 in contact with the cams I3. Upon counter-clockwise rotation of the sleeve |8l, for operation of the ball type clearance mechanism described above, the cam ||3 rocks the follower arms and the pawls |69 counterclockwise.. The c amv is so designed as to move the pawl noses. H1911 into the path of the numeral 14 wheel lugs |0a and to hold the pawls in this position until near the .end of the clearance cycle. The timing of the retraction of the pawl noses |09a is such that the pawls 3G (Fig. 7) are moved into engagement with the gears 2| during the retraction of the noses |09a, thus centralizing the numeral wheels in zero position.

I claim:

1. A crawl carry register having a plurality of orders of registering mechanism, each ordern thereof including a dierential transmission comprising the combination of a resultant member, means for positioning said member `at a crawl carry position corresponding to the digital value of an amount registered in its respective order plus a partial carry increment equal to one tenth of the amount registered in the next lower order registering mechanism, a higher order numeral Wheel, a graduated member connected to said numeral wheel and adapted to rotate therewith, and a gear connection between said higher order numeral wheel and said resultant member, with aligning means controlled jointly by the lower order graduated member and the gear connection in said lower order for adjusting the higher order gear connection to thereby compensate for said partial carry increment registered by the respective higher order registering mechanism, and means to maintain the resultant member in crawl carry posi-tion throughout the operation of the aligning means to enable the latter to rotate the higher order numeral wheel to full digital display position.

2. A crawl carry register having a plurality of orders of registering mechanism, each order thereof including a differential transmission comprising a resultant member, means for positioning said member at a crawl carry position corresponding to the digital value of an amount registered in its respective order plus a partial carry increment equal to one-tenth of the amount registered in the next lower order registering mechanism, a lower order numeral wheel and a higher order numeral wheel associated with their respective lower and. higher order registering mechanisms, `and a gear connection between said higher order numeral wheel and its related higher order resultant member for transmitting motion from the member to the numeral wheel equal to the amount registered in its respective order plus said partial carry increment received from the next lower order, with aligning means associated with each ordinal registering mechanism, said aligning means including a graduated member connected to said lower order numeral wheel and operable to represent the position of said numeral wheel, a carrier for said higher order gear connection and adjustable to a position representative of the crawl carry value registered in a plurality of lower order numeral wheels, and means controlled jointly by the lower order graduated member and the carrier of the lower order gear connection to adjust the higher order carrier and cause the gear connection of the latter tol back out of said higher order numeral wheel an amount equal to said partial carry increment.

3. In a calculating machine having digital actuators, the combination of a crawl carry register including numeral wheels and a differential transmission for each numeral wheel, said transmission including a digitation leg for receiving digital values from said actuators, a tens carry leg for receiving the tens, values from the lower order differential, and a resultant leg. driven by said digitation and tens carry legs to a crawl carry position representative or" the numerical sumof said digital and tens carry values, with aligning means operable to change each numeral wheel from crawl carry position to full digital display position, said aligning means including, an adjustable gear connection between said resultant leg and the respective numeral wheel, a graduated member on each numeral wheel, and a device controlled jointly by the graduated member and gear connection of the next lower order to adjust the first mentioned gear con nection,

4, In a calculating machine having digital actuators, the combination of a crawl carry register including a plurality of differential transmissions mounted upon a transverse shaft, each differential transmission including a digitation leg for receiving digital values from said actuators, a tens carry leg for receiving the tens value from the lower order differential, and a resultant leg for combining the digital and tens values, with a plurality of numeral wheels mounted on a second shaft parallel to said transverse shaft, a gear connection between the resultant leg of each differential transmission and the respective numeral wheel, numeral wheel aligning means for bringing each numeral wheel to a full digital display position including, an adjustable carrier for said gear connection effective upon adjustment thereof to cause the gear connection .to back out of its respective numeral wheel an amount proportional to such adjustment, a graduated member on each numeral wheel, and an element controlled jointly by the graduated member of the next lower order numeral wheel and the carrier for the lower order gear connection to adjust the carrier for the gear connection in the higher order by an amount proportional to said tens value.

5. In a calculating machine, the combination of a plural order crawl carry register, each order thereof including a numeral wheel, and a diierential transmission having a resultant member continuously positioned in the crawl carry position corresponding to the digital value of the amount registered therein plus a partial carry increment equal to one-tenth of the amount registered in the next lower order member, and

a gear connection between each resultant member and its respective numeral wheel to transmit to the latter a movement corresponding to the sum of the digital and tens carry values received by the resultant member, with numeral wheel aligning means operable at the conclusion of a machine operation to bring each numeral wheel to full digital display position, said aligning means including a graduated member on each numeral wheel and operable to represent the position of said Wheel, an adjustable carrier for said gear connection of each order and adjustable to a position representative of the crawl carry value registered in a plurality of lower order numeral wheels, and a device jointly posi tioned under control of the graduated member of the next lower order and under control separately exercised by the carrier in said next lower order to adjust the carrier oi the higher order to compensate for the partial carry increments transmitted from the resultant member to its numeral wheel.

6. In a calculating machine having a plural order crawl carry register including a unit order, a tens order and a hundreds order, each order including a numeral wheel, a differential transmission, and a gear connection between each differential and its respective numeral wheel to transmit to the latter a movement corresponding to the sum of the digital and tens carry values received by the differential; the combination of, numeral wheel aligning means operable at the conclusion of a machine operation to bring each numeral wheel to full digital display position. said aligning means including a graduated mem.- ber on each numeral wheel, an adjustable carrier for said gear connection of each order, and an element on each carrier, with means operable under control of the graduated member in -the unit order to adjust the carrier of the tens order to a position corresponding to one-tenth of the value in the units order numeral wheel, a device controlled jointly by the graduated member in the tens order and the element of the tens order carrier for adjusting the carrier in the hundreds order in accordance with the sum of one-hundredth of the value in the units order and onetenth of the value in the tens order.

7. In a calculating machine having digital actuators, and a crawl carrying register including a plurality of diierential transmissions mounted upon a transverse shaft, each differential transmission including a digitation leg for receiving digital values from said actuators, a tens carry leg for receiving the tens values from the lower order numeral wheel, and a resultant leg for combining the digital and tens values; the combination of, a plurality of numeral wheels mounted upon a second shaft parallel to said transverse shaft, and a gear connection between the resultant leg of each differential transmission and the respective numeral wheel and 0perable to rotate said numeral wheel to a crawl carry position indicative of the sum of said digltal and tens values, with numeral wheel aligning means for bringing each numeral wheel to a full digital display position including, a graduated member on each numeral Wheel, means to lock each differential and its resultant leg in crawl carry position, a carrier for each of said gear connections adjustable to back out of said 11u-- meral wheel the partial tens carry value entered therein, means for controlling such adjustment including a lever pivotally mounted intermediate its ends on said carrier with one end adapted to contact the graduated member of the next lower order and the other end adapted to contact a projection on the carrier of the gear connection for said next lower order, a second graduated member positioned by said resultant leg in accordance with the digital and tens values while the numeral wheel in the same order is brought to full digital display position by said aligning means, and a division control element for sensing said second graduated member to determine the value of a multi-digit dividend.

HAROLD T. AVE-RY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date l 1,148,516 Irion et al. Aug. 3, 1915 1,356,607 Dixon Oct. 26, 1920 1,781,320 Crosman Nov. ll, 1930 2,089,682 Chase Aug. 10, 1937 2,211,736 Avery Aug. 13, 1940 2,222,164 Avery Nov. 19, 1940 2,344,627 Mixer Mar. 21, 1944 

